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The Clifford and Richards constitutions

JAMB Government Revision Notes

All Government topics
  1. Basic Concepts of Government
    1. Meaning and scope of government
    2. Power, authority, influence and legitimacy
    3. Sovereignty
    4. State, nation and society
    5. Political culture, socialisation and participation
  2. Political Ideologies
    1. Communalism and feudalism
    2. Capitalism, socialism and communism
    3. Totalitarianism, fascism and Nazism
  3. Forms and Systems of Government
    1. Monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy and autocracy
    2. Democracy and republicanism
    3. Unitary government
    4. Federal and confederal government
    5. Presidential and parliamentary systems
  4. Organs of Government
    1. The legislature
    2. The executive
    3. The judiciary
    4. Separation of powers and checks and balances
  5. The Constitution, Democratic Principles and Citizenship
    1. The constitution
    2. Rule of law and constitutionalism
    3. Accountability and representative government
    4. Processes of legislation
    5. Citizenship
    6. Human rights and the duties of citizens
  6. Elections, Parties and Pressure Groups
    1. Suffrage and elections
    2. Electoral systems
    3. Electoral commissions and electoral reform
    4. Political parties
    5. Party systems
    6. Pressure groups
    7. Public opinion and the mass media
  7. Public Administration
    1. The civil service
    2. Public corporations
    3. Public commissions and anti-corruption bodies
  8. Pre-colonial Political Systems
    1. The Hausa and Hausa-Fulani emirate system
    2. The Yoruba political system
    3. The Igbo political system
    4. The Tiv system and comparing pre-colonial systems
  9. Colonial Rule
    1. British acquisition of Nigeria
    2. Indirect rule
    3. French colonial policy and comparison
  10. Nationalism and Constitutional Development
    1. Nationalist movements
    2. The Clifford and Richards constitutions
    3. The Macpherson and Lyttelton constitutions
    4. The Independence and Republican constitutions
    5. The 1979, 1989 and 1999 constitutions
  11. Post-independence Politics
    1. The First Republic
    2. Military rule in Nigeria
    3. Transitions to civilian rule
    4. Political parties in Nigeria
  12. Federalism and Local Government in Nigeria
    1. Nigerian federalism
    2. Revenue allocation
    3. Local government
  13. Foreign Policy
    1. Foreign policy: meaning and determinants
    2. Nigeria’s foreign policy
  14. International Organisations
    1. ECOWAS
    2. The OAU and the African Union
    3. The United Nations
    4. The Commonwealth
    5. OPEC and APPO

GRO Academy notes Checked by imtiaz ahmed 1 min read Updated October 24, 2026

The Clifford Constitution of 1922 and the Richards Constitution of 1946: their features, merits, criticisms and significance.

In these notes
  1. The Clifford Constitution (1922)
  2. The Richards Constitution (1946, in force 1947)

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